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Research

Paper notes / a reading log, in progress.

BCI papers I have been working through while studying the field. Click a paper to read the note. Longer write-ups on eeg-mi-benchmark phases coming to Substack and Bluesky post-CNEW.

SIM

FIG · 02 — Motor imagery trial · C3 ERD during right-hand imagery · 5ch · simulated

  • 2002

    Brain-computer interfaces for communication and control

    Wolpaw et al.
    Clinical NeurophysiologyFoundationsReview

    The field's origin paper. Every BCI paper traces back here. Defines the signal acquisition to application pipeline that everything else builds on.

  • 1973

    Toward direct brain-computer communication

    Vidal
    Annual Review of Biophysics and BioengineeringFoundationsHistory

    The paper that coined "BCI." Short and readable. The core challenges Vidal named in 1973: SNR, real-time processing, user training. Still the core challenges now.

  • 1999

    Event-related EEG/MEG synchronization and desynchronization: basic principles

    Pfurtscheller & Lopes da Silva
    Clinical NeurophysiologyERD/ERSNeurophysiology

    Explains why the 8–30 Hz bandpass works and what mu/beta suppression over C3/C4 actually means physiologically. The theory behind every motor imagery plot I've made.

  • 2008

    Optimizing spatial filters for robust EEG single-trial analysis

    Blankertz et al.
    IEEE Signal Processing MagazineCSPFeature Extraction

    CSP: simultaneous diagonalization of two covariance matrices. Implemented from scratch to make sure I understood it before using MNE's version. Phase 1 classifier in eeg-mi-benchmark.

  • 2008

    Filter bank common spatial pattern (FBCSP) in brain-computer interface

    Ang et al.
    IEEE IJCNNCSPFeature Selection

    FBCSP extends CSP across frequency bands and selects features via mutual information. Won BCI Competition IV 2a. The standard baseline everything new gets compared against.

  • 2012

    Review of the BCI Competition IV

    Tangermann et al.
    Frontiers in NeuroscienceBenchmarksMotor Imagery

    Covers BNCI2014001, the dataset in eeg-mi-benchmark. Understanding the competition protocol is what makes a benchmark number mean something.

  • 2018

    A review of classification algorithms for EEG-based BCIs: a 10-year update

    Lotte et al.
    Journal of Neural EngineeringRiemannianReview

    The Riemannian geometry section is the key part. Covariance matrices on a manifold, not Euclidean space. Consistent cross-subject generalization with less tuning than deep learning.

SubstackWrite-ups on research and project phases — coming post-CNEW
Muhaimin Sarker · 2026An Editorial of SignalsQueens · New York